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British mathematician, cryptographer, and one of the key inventors of the modern computer. After his profound contributions to helping win World War II, he was persecuted for his homosexuality by his own government, and driven to suicide. Maintained by Turing biographer Andrew Hodges: extensive resources and links, online versions of several long essays on Turing.

Archive and historical records pertaining to the work of computing pioneer Alan Turing.

Web site devoted to the life and works of C. S. Peirce.

Center for research on the life and works of Charles Sanders Peirce.

Digital archive of items relating to Alan Turing.